Type 1 (IgE) food Allergy

IgE-mediated food allergy involves the immune system and usually causes rapid symptoms, often within minutes to two hours of eating; examples include allergy to peanuts, tree nuts, fish, shellfish, milk or egg, with reactions ranging from hives and swelling to anaphylaxis. This is less common than people think with only an estimated 6% of adults diagnosed.

Non-IgE Mediated Reactions

Non-IgE-mediated food reactions are typically delayed, often affecting the gastrointestinal system, and may include conditions such as food protein-induced enterocolitis syndrome (FPIES) or delayed reactions to cow’s milk or soya

Food Intolerances

Food intolerances do not involve the immune system and commonly cause digestive symptoms such as bloating, abdominal pain, wind or altered bowel habits; examples include lactose or fructose intolerance and sensitivity to certain fermentable carbohydrates

Histamine Sensitivity

Histamine sensitivity/intolerance describes symptoms that some people associate with an imbalance between dietary histamine and the body’s ability to break it down. Symptoms may include flushing of the skin, headaches, nasal symptoms, itching, abdominal pain or diarrhoea, but the condition is not a recognised IgE-mediated food allergy and remains difficult to diagnose because symptoms are non-specific and evidence for routine testing is limited.


A dietary and symptom assessment by a specialist is the cornerstone of investigation but where appropriate, testing is advised and at The GutSense Clinic we can provide testing for lactose or fructose malabsorption and IgE food allergy screening. This ensures symptoms are properly investigated rather than managed through guesswork.

With specialist gastroenterology dietetic support, patients can identify likely triggers safely, follow structured elimination and reintroduction where appropriate, and build a more balanced, confident, and less restrictive way of eating.

If you are struggling with unpredictable reactions to food or suspect an allergy or intolerance, book an appointment today. Together, we will uncover the cause of your symptoms and create a safe, enjoyable dietary plan.